Deadly Unna Review

â€Å"Deadly Unna† was the fist book published by the Australian Author â€Å"Phillip Gwynne† in 1998. The book focuses on racial tension, friendship, family conflict and relationships. The story is told in first person by the main character â€Å"Gary Black† more commonly know as â€Å"Blacky†. The story is mostly Blacky’s relationship with Dumby Red, an indigenous Australian, and about how he, as a white Australian, changes throughout the book, by understanding the racial conflict and learning how to stand up for himself. Blacky is more academic than he is sporty; though he plays football for the town.He has a very large family consisting of 8 siblings, and he gets along with all of them, putting aside the occasional conflict. He has a good relationship with his mother; however, he has a terrible relationship with his father due to a past event. Dumby Red has a very enthusiastic, optimistic and self-confident personality. â€Å"Pickles† is Blacky’s best friend, and he disgustingly unhygienic, with gruesome habits. Blacky often goes to talk with his old next-door neighbour †Darcy†, who a maggot farmer and is full of advice to give Blacky.The story is set on a peninsula of Australia, all the whites living in the â€Å"Port† and all of the blacks living in the †Point† about 1hour drive from eachother. I believe the reason the Author made the distinct seperation between the white and black Australians is to emphasise the racial tension in the area. The book consists of two parts, â€Å"Winter† and â€Å"Summer†. Winter being the footy is mainly focused around the footy culture of the town and focuses on Blacky trying to be the hero in his team, and eventually succeeds although by accident.They win the grand final, and by the end of the winter, Blacky becomes very aware of the large racial tension in the book. The â€Å"Summer† part of the book is mainly filled wit h racial, and family conflict, and during the course of this Dumby is shot dead. Blacky is faced with many decisions he has to make, and he has to follow his heart to do what is right. This book moved too slowly for me, and containing much excess writing that wasn’t at all necessary nor did it relate to the main plot at all.The book never established the friendship between Blacky and Dumby red. After he died, Philip wrote about how they were such good friends, but there was nothing in earlier in the book to support that, so that confuses the readers a lot. Another factor is that it does not relate to many people in the world. It would only relate to people who come from a very Australian culture that knew all of the colloquial Australian language. I do not believe anyone that’s come from another country would understand the book at all.I don’t even think some Australians would understand it, as they might have been blocked off from it. Additionally, I think it l oses variety by the style of writing and that isn’t at all a good thing. The worst thing about the book I believe is the way it can’t relate to an adult, or a teenager. It moves way too slowly for a teenager, and doesn’t have nearly enough happening to entertain most readers. However, it also had too many immature themes and thoughts for an adult to read, so it doesn’t really relate to any general age group.What I did like about this book is that it can educate young Australian teenagers about racism to a certain extent. Some people have no knowledge of racism, and I believe that with guidance, this book could educate them about some of the racism in Australia. Overall I rate the book 2 stars, as I do not believe it could do it’s job as a book to entertain the target audience, or at that any audience. Although I do believe that with the right insight, you could learn some things from it.

Plato and Aristotle Essay

Plato and Aristotle were two philosophers who made an impact on philosophy as we know it as today. Plato is thought of as the first political philosopher and Aristotle as the first metaphysical philosopher. They were both great intellectuals in regards to being the first of the great western philosophers. Plato and Aristotle each had ideas in how to better life by improving the societies in which they were part of during their lives. The views of Plato and Aristotle look different but they do have some similarities to them. Plato is mostly known for his Theory of Forms and Aristotle is known for his thoughts in universals. Even though they both thought a bit differently they did agree in a few things. Plato and Aristotle not only had an impact on society in the past but today’s society as well. Plato was a teacher to Aristotle and lived during the Peloponnesian War, which lead to the end of the Athenian democracy. He had eyewitness account of Socrates, his mentor, trial and execution. Unhappy with the political corruption that plagued the Athenian democratic government, he removed himself from politics. He strongly felt that neither a moral individual nor a state could be established in a democratic environment. Plato felt that the common man was not intelligent enough to deal with concepts that influence the state such as economics, policies and other relative matters. He thought of philosophers as being the most intelligent among men. He viewed political incumbents in the Athens government basically as bought individuals in office for the good of themselves and not society as a whole. Another danger was that extreme liberties given to the people in the democratic society could potentially lead an anarchy. Aristotle was a student of Plato’s and teacher of Alexander the Great. He created his own school in Athens. He thought of metaphysics to be the first philosophy, which was a large interest to him. Aristotle’s stated that forms were universal. According to Aristotle, notion of Essential properties makes something what it is, and accidental properties are the differences of that item. Aristotle believed the state and the individual are similar and democracy would be the better government. In Book VII of The Republic by Plato, Socrates describes the Allegory of the Cave. It is a metaphor to illustrate the effects of education on the human soul. It can also be understood as what is real and what is believed to be real in life. Even though Plato had his ideal city, the forms was really what people could connect with. There is so much one can take from his thoughts on the forms that could be applied to society today. Plato starts out comparing people that are uneducated to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their head. All they can see is the wall of the cave in front of them. A fire behind them burns bright. Between the fire and the prisoners, there is an area for puppeteers to move around and hold up the puppets to cast shadows on the wall that is in front of the prisoners. This is what the prisoners see every single day. This is all they know; shadows, echoes, the smell of the fire, and darkness. They believe that that shadows are reality. One of the prisoners is allowed to go outside of the cave. Once they reach the outside of the cave, they are blinded by the light because they have not seen such. Once their eyes start to adjust, they start seeing shapes and objects around them. They see that the sun is what creates light and that the tall objects with leaves are trees. They are colorful with moving parts. They go back outside to tell the prisoners, but they are not believed. Those still inside of the cave thinks the person just came in from the outside ill because that is not what they see in the cave, they did not see the outside for themselves, so therefore, it does not exist. So now the person that just came in from the bright sun light cannot see very well in the darkness of the cave, their eyes have not adjusted to the darkness, and people think they are crazy. This is where this view fails for Aristotle because it is not realistic. Aristotle rejects Plato’s Theory of Forms, and makes the way for his realistic approach, which underlines observation first and abstract reasoning second. Being a student of Plato’s, I believe he was indebted to justify at lengths why he disagrees with doctrines of his teacher. He provided detailed arguments against many of Plato’s doctrines, a lot of his major works, focusing in particular on the Theory of Forms. In Aristotle’s critique he thinks this theory is essentially an assertion of the superiority of universals over particulars. Plato argues that particular instances of beauty or justice exists only because they participate in the universal Form of Beauty. Say a there are two objects, one is colorless and the other one is red. The colorless one goes where the red on is located. Since the colorless object and the red object are participating, they are both red objects. They have a certain nurture and nature. However, Aristotle argues that universal concepts of beauty and justice derive from the instances of beauty and justice in this world. We only arrive at an idea of beauty by observing particular instances of beauty. This universal quality of beauty has no existence beyond this idea that we build from particular instances. He is staying that the particulars come first and the universals come after and therefor, Aristotle places emphasis on the importance of observing the details of this world. Which leads me to understand his thoughts on happiness a little more. With putting the weight on observing happiness can measured by a person’s life. Aristotle lays out in Book X in the Nicomachean Ethic’s, the continuation of his thoughts on pleasure, happiness and the end of life, and ethics and politics. His view on happiness and the end of human life really made me question his way of thinking. Aristotle suggests that happiness is the final end of life because nothing is greater than happiness or the good life and it goes against his universal theory. Aristotle proposes that happiness, or the good life, is taken to be a most final end. â€Å"We said, then, that happiness is not a characteristic, for in that case it could be present even to someone asleep thought his life, living the life of plants, and to someone undergoing the greatest misfortunes. †(Nicomachean Ethics, 1176a-1176b). The good life for humans is the life of choosing to life the life according to the virtues. â€Å"For we choose everything, so to speak, for the sake of something else-except happiness, for it is the end. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1176b). Also, it seems that only humans can be happy because the happiness is an important nature of every individual human and it is unique to humans in that the function of humans is what distinguishes them from other kinds of things. Happiness is a self-sufficient activity desirable for its own sake. One seeks nothing from happiness beyond the actual experience or performance of it as an activity. Activities that are desirable in themselves are activities in conformity with virtue and indicates that the greatest happiness must be activity in conformity with the highest virtue. It is wrong to confuse happiness with various kinds of amusements involving bodily pleasures, as many people do. Such amusements are neither virtuous nor ends in themselves, but are merely relaxing diversions in which one occasionally engages for the sake of future activity. The greatest happiness is activity in conformity with the highest virtue is excellence. Intelligence is man’s highest possession and the objects of intelligence are the highest objects within his grasp. It is clear that the life of contemplation and theoretical wisdom must be the greatest of human virtues and the highest form of happiness. The objects of the contemplative life are the unchangeable and eternal verities that underlie and govern the universe. From contemplation of these truths the soul derives a feeling of purity and stability. â€Å"Further, this active is most continuous, for we are more able to contemplate continuously than we are to do anything else whatever. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1177a). Also, the wise person is able to contemplate by himself, the wiser he is the more adept he will be doing so. Contemplative happiness is not dependent on other men. It is the form of life in which human beings come most nearly to being divine, the life that harmonizes with intellect, and that life seems to be the happiest, according to Aristotle. There is another kind of happiness, based on moral virtue and practical wisdom, which is concerned with feelings that spring from man’s bodily nature. It can be defined as the harmonious coordination of all parts of man’s complete being. This kind of happiness is not as exalted as the contemplative, but it helps prepare us for the higher happiness and, since man is not all mind and reason, gives us something to fall back upon when we are unable to remain continuously at the higher level. â€Å"For if there is a certain care for human things on the part of gods, as in fact there is held to be, it would be also reasonable for gods to delight in what is best and most akin to them – this would be the intellect – and to benefit in return those who cherish this above all and honor it, on the grounds that these latter are caring for what is dear to gods as well as acting correctly and nobly. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1179a). This person is the happiest and a wise person would be extremely happy. I believe this idea has some hints of Plato’s forms. The one person who went outside of the cave and saw it all was brought down by all the people in the cave that didn’t see the outside. Aristotle states that you cannot be happy with a lot of friends because they are not true friends. I believe those excess friendships would be a similar situation in the cave. They would not bring your happiness, only suffering. Aristotle and Plato have similarities in their city states as well. Plato gives a place to women, but Aristotle does not seem to care for women. When reading Plato, the texts are in Socrates’s voice. It makes it hard to connect what he is saying, especially in the Republic since it is a play. Also, one cannot tell if Socrates, Plato, is being serious or straightforward or if it’s Socrates’s thoughts or Plato’s. In Nicomachean Ethics, the text is Aristotle’s lecture notes and he is the author of them. While reading, it seems that Plato comes out and gives his opinion on matters, but Aristotle presents them, but does not come out and say what his thoughts are. Plato and Aristotle were two philosophers who made a huge impact on philosophy. They were both great western philosophers. Plato and Aristotle each had ideas in how to better life by improving the societies in which they were part of during their lives. Although they are thought to have completely different views, when laid out, their views have some similarities.

A Small Excerpt From My Autobiography Essay

Insecurity shrouded me like a cold blanket. I wanted to cry, but the tears evaded my pale cheeks, held back by the numbness, the shrill, shrieking numbness that flowed though my veins chilling my blood. Comprehension escaped my every thought. My entire world had just collapsed instantaneously, like a fragile tower built from a pack of old decrepit playing cards. Yet my skeleton held me tall, erect and fixed to the spot. A manikin’s existence seemed comparable to mine. These thoughts and feelings can never be erased. They seem to be impregnated into the very structure of my biological make up, as if they are, in some strange way, a new set of genes. Provoked into action by a sight, sound or smell, each time the grooves of these emotions become etched deeper into my whole existence. Forgiveness being my salvation. Memory my tormentor. My mother’s death has left a long lasting rippling effect on my life and I am sure my brother’s too. To some extent it even spills over into my children’s lives. My children’s days have lacked the richness most grandmothers radiate to the existence of their grandchildren; their caring hands, their warm, gentle touch, their unchallenging, patient ear; knowledge and wisdom that only our elders possess through life experiences; wise words that may have infiltrated and enriched my children’s thoughts, shaping, moulding and inspiring even an infinitesimal part of their lives. But they are to naive or could it be to innocent to understand how this would affect their own mortality. I was six, just a baby really. When I look at my own children I get totally blown away. Blown away by the whole impact of this entire life-changing event. Even now as an adult I’m not sure if I could cope with such a traumatic experience. How did I cope that morning when I was awoken by the strange sounds of hushed voices? I do not even remember who told me; was not a member of my family. Not a single warming comforting face amongst any of them. From that moment on, my brothers, one younger, aged eighteen months and one older than myself, aged eight, lived with our grandparents and our aunt and uncle. We were whisked away from our roots that were, never to be returned to, or to be mentioned again; until we as adults felt the need to retrace, recollect and look at things in hindsight for our own satisfaction and personal needs. Many times I pondered and dwelt on the notion of revisiting those past concrete visions, visions edited by my own fair hand, captured and stored in the archives of my own being. At times, I wonder if I have all the pieces. I wonder if I collated and collected them as it really was. Did I miss something? Was that intentional? Do I really need to add, adjust or amend my visions and knowledge of that day? The ones I have become so accustomed to. Do I wish to discard my comfortable old slippers in exchange for a new pair that may irritate and cause blisters? These questions pose an eternal dilemma within me. I do have a wont, a desirer, a yearning you may call it, a yearning, which burns, burns for the truth. Yet truth has a partner, a partner called fear. This enormous fear hangs over me, like a guillotine hangs above the head of its victim. Would Mother Nature call that self-preservation? A disguised, darken angel, sent to protect me from the ills of truth? My life was totally transformed that spring morning. I was propelled out of a secure, warm, safe and caring environment, into a world that seemed at the time like a cold, stark, lonely and barren existence. This place was miles (not only in distance, but in emotion) from my normal surroundings. As an adult, I can compare the contrast of these two different settings with slightly more rationality. But then, all of those years ago, at that very moment in my life, analysing and evaluating the structural and materialistic things around me must have seemed an insignificant notion to have. I could not think about, let alone analyse, anything beyond my own tormented feelings of sheer pain, anguish, neglect, betrayal and above all anger. Yes anger! This was by far the overriding feeling. At times the anger was quashed by guilt, yet this sense of guilt burned deep inside fuelling the fire of the anger once more. Anger that my mother had left; disappeared, forever out of my life. Bereft of the tender, loving, affectionate hands that so often comforted me and tucked me neatly onto my warm, cosy bed. This bedtime thought always evoked copious tears to drench my pillow late at night. How dare my mother do that! Did she not know that parents live forever? Did she not realise that I would be the one that would be left to take the role of mother to her youngest son, my brother? This accolade I did not wish for. I was far too young to grasp the enormity of this duty bestowed upon me by circumstances. As a child you invent mysterious coping strategies to evade the inevitable truth. For weeks, after the death of my mother, denial was my master. I would slowly unfasten my eyes, as dawn’s uncaring hand stirred me from my serene slumber, shutting them firmly again in a flash. My logic at this age made perfect sense, I thought that if I did not see the world, then it did not exist. If the world did not exist, then I was not part of it either. If I were not part of the world, logic would have it, that I must be somewhere else. So if I were somewhere else, then that awful event had not really occurred and pain would no longer consume me. Consequently, if I were no longer in pain, it stood to reason that my mother would still be alive. At this point my body would swiftly transport me back to truth, the grinding of my empty stomach would compel me to open my eyes once more. As a child I always hoped that my eyes would be my betrayer; visions of dreams that could be dispelled and forgotten in a trice. Once again I would ardently shut my eyes, mustering up the entirety of my thoughts and powers in a last ditched attempt to dispel those awful, distressing events, hoping that they were all just feigned.

Budgeting & Forecasting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Budgeting & Forecasting - Assignment Example The restaurant is intended to sell diverse products, which include buffet, pizza, soup, sauces and desserts. In addition, the restaurant will have a self-service soda bar. Although there are other companies such as McDonalds serving the area, the prices of their products are not affordable to most people in Florida. Moreover, these companies do not have physical locations in the area but rely on suppliers. This means that Papa Geo has the potential of competing effectively in the market and possibly gaining competitive advantage (Jeffries & McGrath, 2008). The fact that the products of the company are rare in the market consequently highly demand makes the company more competitive. This will ensure that the company records high sales volume. Moreover, the company will register high sales volume because they produce variety, which gives consumers the ability and freedom of choice. Finally, the company strategy is effective because it attracts children too, which will boost sales since it will be assumed to a family restaurant (Jeffries & McGrath, 2008). The offers given by financial lending institution will be enough in setting up the business and repayment period is reasonable, which will grant the owner the opportunity to repay comfortably. Therefore, the business can be set up but it requires effective analysis and forecasting due to uncertainties in the business environment. Proper financial budgetary planning is fundamental in achieving the company’s strategy. Sale forecast forms the most critical part of this budget proposal because, it is through proper and accurate forecasts in sales that the entrepreneur would be able to determine the amount to repay either in monthly or annual basis. The above sales forecasts are made with the assumptions that one unit in the company goes at $7, and each individual in the 15-minute area purchases one unit

Personal Reflection on the Religious Orders Assignment

Personal Reflection on the Religious Orders - Assignment Example It was not easy for me to leave behind my former community to search for my new contemplative vocation because I was comfortable with the life and love the sisters. Also, the reason I left Terre Haute Carmel was my body system could not tolerate the heat over there. Therefore, after 11 months, I asked to leave the community. I was a briefly professed for five years with Lover of the Holy Cross of Los Angeles. I entered Alhambra Carmel on August 06, 2010, as a postulant and I left on November 5, 2010. I entered Terre Haute Carmel in December 2010 as a postulant and I received Holy habit in June 2011. I left the Terre Haute Carmel in February 2012. I applied to a religious community and my application was declined when I joined Alhambra Carmel. It was declined because they thought that my health was deteriorating, thus I could no longer work with them. Currently, I am employed as a preschool teacher, which I began in January 2014. Furthermore, I do not repulse any other type of employment. If asked whether I am willing to accept any manual labor or duty in the service of the community, then I will gladly do it, even though I have my own preferences. My hobbies and interest include nature, spiritual reading, as well as craft activities. My professional training was in church leadership training, as well as a nursing assistant. The social quality, which I deem suits me for community life is how I share my deeper self, as well as my love and affection for others. Also, to live a life of faithfulness and allegiance to Jesus Christ and to serve him devotedly with a clear conscience and a clean heart. Apart from this, community life is an incitement to move from self-centeredness to bigger awareness for others and unification with Christ.  Ã‚  

Disscussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disscussion Board - Assignment Example 2. Contrast the speaker’s actual identity with the one he creates for himself in lines 1–2. What elements of his actual situation do you think lead him to characterize himself as he does in these lines? The poet, Randall Jarrell, actually served in the Army Air Corps in the Second World War (â€Å"Randall Jarrell†). He actually finished university with a bachelor’s and master’s degree and he was able to publish his book of poems before he joined the Army Air Corps. However, the character he portrays himself as in the poem is that of a person who has never done anything in his life except become a soldier and serve the State all his life until his death. Perhaps, the poet makes such a comparison in order to show the reader that despite his being a poet, during the Second World War, what mattered to him was survival as a soldier and that perhaps what consumed him was the idea of his own death and nothing else. Thus, he forgot about everything else and just focused on being a soldier. It is Randall Jarrell’s â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner† that has a greater impact on me because of the cleverness of the poet in expressing the same dishonor and disgrace in war in such an astounding brevity. The futility of war is expressed in the whole poem especially in the end when the dead soldier was just â€Å"washed†¦out of the turret with a hose† and with even just he alone to speak about it. This is clearly the unjust reward of devoting his whole lifetime to the

Hewlett-Packard Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hewlett-Packard Article - Essay Example The business thrived and expanded during the leadership of Bill Hewlett at the helms but later on, under successive CEOs like John Young and then Lew Platt in 1993, it started stagnating and losing profits. The printer business was hugely successful but the company faced lot of competition from Dell which was selling customized computers at much lower prices. From 1993 to 1999, computer and printer businesses grew at compound rate of 20% and in 1999, HP formed its spin-off company Agilent Technologies comprising of its instruments and related businesses. Platt lacked strategic necessary leadership that needed to be flexible and visionary to encompass the environmental changes and adopt more aggressive creative inputs. Carly Fiorina, the dynamic young executive who had played critical role in turning the fortunes of new spinoff company of AT&T, Lucent Technologies, was made CEO of the company in 1999. Fiorina brought with a new culture of aggressive selling, merger, incentive based performance that lacked commitment and loyalty towards company. She made sweeping changes within the organization. Her motto was ‘preserve the best and reinvent the rest’. The company’s name was shortened to ‘HP’ and reduced the advertising agencies to only 2 from 43. 80 autonomous product based operating divisions into two front-end sales and marketing organization and two back-end R&D and manufacturing organizations. Revenue over profit and incentive based remuneration over salary based employment became major focus areas. Retrenchment and cost cutting was justified as means to tackle general financial downturn. During her first year, sales increased by 15% but it could not be maintained. The acquisition of Compaq computers in 2002 by HP was primarily to strengthen the capabilities in computer division which later backfired. While initially the merger was successful and it was able to maintain flagship position in computer segment but could

The role of social networks in empowering consumers Literature review

The role of social networks in empowering consumers - Literature review Example Organizations, as a part of the current global business forum, are increasingly feeling the need for engaging with the community to which it provides its service. Companies realize that the societies within which these companies operate and the communities to which their customers belong, are an important element in their business decisions. This shows that consumers are increasingly becoming an important stake holder for business firms. Companies are responding to this new status of the consumers by utilizing in all possible channels to engage in consumer interaction. Therefore they feel the need to assess their response to the changing consumer preference and also the efficiency with which they are utilizing the social media. Background of the study The growth rate of social media shows an exponential trend and the main features in this platform are blogs, Twitter, Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn. If this information is matched with statistical data it would be found that by the beg inning of the 2010, over 175 million users were already registered in the Facebook. This figure is slightly short of the total number of people living in Brazil (total Brazilian population was 190 million in 2009) and it is more than twice the German population (total population of Germany was 80 million in 2009) (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). During this period, a record amount of video content has been uploaded to the YouTube platform at the rate of 10 hours of content per minute. These platforms offer customers to receive variety of information and also join ongoing conversations with millions of other customers located in different parts of the globe. Hence rise of social networking sites have become a major topic of discussion in the business world. Consumers and social networking sites Tweets on Twitter and messages and updates on Facebook are the newest means of communication and the most convenient method of sharing news. These channels allow news to be shared in the structure of small bite-size messages. These message updates also allow the user to add links to various website pages or images to the message. Tweets are messages of less than or equal to 140 characters and the reader can get an overview of the message shared through the tweets by simply scrolling through the tweets. Any person can read these tweets (even if he or she is not an account holder on the Twitter) through their mobile phones or their computers. These Twitter tweets are short and precise and does not relate to the news at a deeper level, but, the reader can gain an overall broad knowledge about the happenings in the world in that particular day. This the most important use of the social networking sites these days. Consumers are careful about the choices that they make about their purchases but are not left with only limited amount of time to make purchasing decisions. Therefore more and more number of consumers are shifting their attention to the social media for gaining insight s on the most recent trends, views and briefs of experiences of the

Is it ever acceptable to justify unethical behavior Why or why not Essay

Is it ever acceptable to justify unethical behavior Why or why not - Essay Example As long as the law of their country does not forbid them from indulging in a certain kind of practice, they do not have any reason not to execute that act. Although to lie when the circumstances are dire might be appropriate, yet to decide the level of direness involved in certain circumstances is complicated. One might be able to call a certain situation as dire using one’s philosophical intelligence in an attempt to justify one’s unethical behavior (Vora, 2012). While to lie when a life can be saved with it might be appropriate, but there is a lot of subjectivity about the appropriateness of lying when a child lies to save his mother the grief that the truth is likely to cause. Hence, to lie when the outcome is very positive might even be ethically justified, though the perceived level of positivity varies from one individual’s point of view to that of another. So sometimes, it is acceptable to justify unethical behavior because the outcome might be very favora ble or the act might be

Contract law and neoclassical contract law Essay

Contract law and neoclassical contract law - Essay Example Contract law is made up of certain rules that are set to govern the connection, substance and legitimacy of a formal agreement between two or more parties- which may include individuals or organizations- for the purpose of selling of goods or services, or exchange of business interests12. Contract law is applicable to these and many other business activities between multiple parties who want to enter into a valid agreement or contract for the accomplishment of their business objectives. This agreement contains such rules that are also recognized by the law which means that if one party is offended when the other party breaks the rule, then the former party has all rights to submit petition in the court of law against the later party and can sue it. Before signing the agreement, the two parties may want to hold pre-emptive discussions or negotiations. These discussions are not part of the contract but only a preliminary exchange of views. For example, if a bookstore is displaying book s with price tags on its shelves, then before the contract between the seller and the buyer is formalized, the seller may go into bargain and bring the seller down to a lower price. Once the price is confirmed, the buyer then pas the price and enters into a contract. The contract law, on one hand, tends to protect the law from breaking and on the other, defines terms and conditions when a dispute occurs. According to Larson3, a contract must involve mutual consent of the two parties, offer and acceptance, mutual exchange of something of value, delivery, good faith, and no violation of the public policy. The present status of contract law is referred to as neoclassical contract law and it addresses the downsides of the classical contract law. Macneil4 defines neoclassical contracting as the one that offers â€Å"a different contracting relation that preserves trading but provides for additional governance structure†. So, there is a third party involved that solves the disputes and brings about settlement between the two parties involved in the agreement. According to Williamson5, â€Å"perceptive parties reject classical contract law and move into a neoclassical contracting regime because this better facilitates continuity and promotes efficient adaptation†. The two parties remain autonomous but the contract is interceded by a third party regulatory agency6. Examples from Relevant Areas of Contract Law Internet Sales Contract Regulations One good example of the application of contract law is the online market. The Internet Sales Contract Regulations have specifically been designed for the consumers who are either the residents of Alberta or engage in e-commerce with companies located inside Alberta. This contract deals with only those goods and services which are worth more than $50 bought or sold for personal use. The regulation deals with formal business transactions within companies and not with a single individual. There are certain disclosure statements stated in the regulations that instruct the online vendor or seller to provide certain information to the consumer before making the transaction. This information is very vital for the consumer’s satisfaction so that he knows that he is entering into a safe and protected contract with the company and that there is no chance of any fraudulent activity. This information is to be printed on the website. The company is liable to provide the consumer with a copy of the contract made either in the electronic form or in paper, according to the consumer’s requirement. Consumer Protection Legislation The EU’s contract law, referred to as consumer protection legislation, consists of several Acts that ensure the protection of consumer guaranteed from the seller’s side. These Acts include Fair Trading Act 1973 (ensures fair e-commerce), Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 (deals with hire-purchase contracts), Sale of Goods Act 1979 (describes the rig hts of the seller), Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (describes the

Managing Financial Resources Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Financial Resources - Research Paper Example The administration, design, and production budgets should be reviewed so that problems with those could be uncovered and favorable changes could be made. Prices of inputs used for the production process could have increased. New machinery could have been bought for production or design. Sales declined by 15 percent. Normally the Direct costs also should have gone down proportionately. Ideally the direct costs should have come down from 110 million to about 96 million. This indicates that direct costs are not truly apportioned among the products. A review of the costing method is required to identify any problems with it. Similarly, when sales have gone down by 15 percent, gross profit came down by 27 percent. If profit margin was the same on all products, the gross profit would have come down to a similar extent. This means that a larger percentage of sales were of products that are priced so that the profit margin is low on their sale. Some products might even be prices at a level that causes a loss. The above observation, when seen together with the increase in production overheads confirms the view that the costing of products is not done in a realistic manner. The deployment of more resources in production resulted in increased production overheads, but it did not result in increased sales. ... The above observation, when seen together with the increase in production overheads confirms the view that the costing of products is not done in a realistic manner. The deployment of more resources in production resulted in increased production overheads, but it did not result in increased sales. Increases in the marketing budget also did not increase sales, which could be a result of poor advertising practices. II. Pricing Policies Slingshot follows "cost plus pricing." This method adopts an average cost for products and the selling price is arrived by adding a percentage "mark up" (In this case 15 %). This method overlooks the fact that the basic costs of some products are more than those of other products. In fact, the selling price is not directly related to the value addition done in specific products. A more reliable method for pricing is "Absorption Cost Pricing." In this method, direct and indirect cost of each product is scientifically determined and allocated. Each product sold by a company is given a share of the company's direct and indirect costs and given a separate total cost. A "mark up" is applied to the actual cost as determined for each product. "Cost plus pricing" and "Absorption cost" pricing both do not take into account any "market factors" such as demand and availability. This may not be necessary for this kind of business where market demands remain steady. However. a massive increase in the amount of resources devoted marketing did not seem to bring any results. This might be a result of limited demand elasticity. It could also be a result of bad marketing. Consumer surveys should be done to analyze consumer demand so that marketing is more effective. The market for Slingshot's products and any companies that compete with

Checks and Balances Essay Example for Free

Checks and Balances Essay This essay will discuss the Constitutional principle of Checks and Balances. It will explain the concept and effectiveness of the separation of power. As an example, the case of Brown v. The Board of Education will be used to explain the concept and effectiveness of the separation of power. Brown v. The Board of Education is a famous case that ended segregation in schools in 1954 during the Civil Rights Movement. First, lets start with what the definition of Checks and Balances is as it pertains to the Constitution. The definition according to Merriam-Webster is: â€Å"a system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power. †. The legislative power is vested in the Congress, the executive power rests with the President and the judicial power is granted to the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Each branch of government has separate and particular powers as listed in the Constitution, each branch is also given the power, duty and ability to control and balance the other(s) in a system of checks and balances. The Constitution grants all legislative power to the Congress. The Congress is bicameral and a bill has to pass both houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. In this way the houses check and balance each other. Both the executive and the judicial branch check and balance the Congress legislative power. Although only the Congress can make laws, the President has the power to veto bills, in which case the bill can only pass with a 2/3 majority in both houses. Finally, if the Congress and the President agree on a law, the Supreme Court has the power of interpreting the laws and a power of review, i. . the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional and therefore void. As chief administrator the President is required to see that laws are carried out, to enforce existing politics and to managing the bureaucracy. The president nominates the heads of the executive branchs departments, but these appointments are subject to the Congress approval. The constitution makes the president and Congress share powers in matters such as foreign policy and the US armed forces. In the case of Brown v.  The Board of Education, the legal defense of Oliver L. Brown stated, â€Å"the discriminatory nature of racial segregation violates the 14th amendment to the U. S. Constitution, which guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws,. Because of this Brown v. The Board of Education laid the foundation for shaping future national and international policies regarding human rights. At the time, the state of Kansas had segregated schools, meaning that black and white children could not go to school at the same place. At the end of the case, Brown and his legal defense had argued that it was not fair to the children because they may or may not get the best education if they were segregated. The United States Supreme Court ruled that no state should segregate any child in public schools. White and Black children would go to school together and be offered the same rights. Anything less would be unconstitutional. This is a perfect example of how the state legislature was overturned by the Supreme Court and they were able to keep a check and balance on each other. The state of Kansas did not have a law stating that the schools must be segregated, but they also did not have a law saying that they couldn’t be segregated. The Browns first took their case to the state in 1951. After the case was dismissed, Brown and four other lawsuits made an appeal to the United States Supreme Court were the state ruling was overruled. The Supreme Court had checked and agreed that it was a violation of the Constitution to segregate schools. To this day, a public school can not discriminate against any child, black or white, male or female, smart or special ed. The decision made by the Supreme Court was a unanimous ruling that was issued on May 17, 1954. At that time Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that segregated schools are not equal and cannot be made equal, and hence they are deprived of the equal protection of the laws. He continued, We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. †. Thank goodness for checks and balances, without them, the country would be a much different place to live.

Background and future potential of electronic marketing

Background and future potential of electronic marketing Describe the background, current and future potential of e-marketing, e-business model, e-marketing process, and different types of e-marketing strategies, contemporary strategic e-marketing issues in Viet Nam / another country. Explain the critical impact of internet and how it changes the traditional marketing in the aspects of segmentation, targeting, differentiation, positioning, product, price, distribution, intergrated marketing communication and customer relationship management. Support your agrument with suitable examples. > Very simply put, e-marketing, which is also called as online or internet marketing, refers to the combination of old-age marketing principles and techniques via electronic media and over the Internet network. The terms e-marketing, e-business, e-marketing strategies and e-marketing process are frequently interchanged, and can often be considered synonymous. Traditionally, marketing has been around for a very long time. Marketing comes in many different forms and has been used in different ways throughout the history, but is really meant for one thing only. Marketing helps to increase the profitability of products or services. Since the day when humans first started trading whatever it was that they first traded, marketing was there. At the time, it was the stories traders used to convince others to trade. Marketing has come a long way since then; up until a few years ago marketing has all been done in the same basic method, but the Internet has changed everything dramatically. The ways that people do marketing and business have changed and improved year by year and now they have become a lot easier to deliver their stories, products or services and get marketing messages out there. E-Marketing consists of both direct response marketing as well as indirect marketing factors whilst using a wide range of technologies to get businesses to their customers connected. The Internet, actually, has brought billions of people from all walks of life together within the reach of any marketer. By doing so they can reach a wider marketplace which is still targeted for their particular product or service. The Internet has really changed the way many people do business and as it continues to evolve we will see even more changes in the way that e-business is being gained. This is true more than ever in the case of Vietnam. Given the fact that Vietnam has the 13th largest population on the earth and should come as no surprise that it has the very large number of internet users also. Vietnam have an estimated more than 30 million people online by the year of 2010 [1] which account for 15% internet penetration rate. Those internet users spend over 50% of the leisure time online, which amounts to more than fifteen hours per person in Vietnam per week. Of these users, 10 million are users of social networking sites, and over 20 million are search engine users. Most notably, though, the value of online business transactions in Vietnam reached 20000 billion Viet Nam Dong last year, that is, 1 billion USD [2]. Also, online commerce is now being more widely accepted by marketers as a legitimate and useful tool of spending advertising dollars. The online economic system for the country is coming. Maybe the only statistics more impressive than these quantities are their unparalleled growth rate. Since the year 1999, the number of internet users in Vietnam has increased by over 15000% from less than 200 thousand users to 30 million [3]. The use of the internet in some of the largest cities such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi has even exceeded 50%. The use of social networking sites has also been expanding much more rapidly than expected, with the actual number of users exceeding predictions by over 10 million people. Even more importantly, over the past year the number of online business transactions grew by 900% while the value of these transactions more than doubled [4]. Through these facts and figures, while intriguing in their own right, are much more crucial insofar as they hint at Vietnams tremendous potential for growth. Despite 30 million people who currently use the internet in Vietnam, still 56 million people who are not yet online, and while it is naive to think that every single person in Vietnam will inevitably be an internet user, if internet penetration in Vietnam were to reach levels similar to those of America which a certainly obtainable goal of around 75%, this would be an addition of over 70 million users to the web. To these new users, many would be drawn to online marketing and business, further expanding an already vibrant and robust market. Most importantly, those new users in Vietnam could expand the field of potential customers which can be reached through careful marketing strategies. As one of the fastest growing economies in the world despite the global financial crisis, Vietnams real GDP is expected to grow another 30% by the year 2015 [5], bringing even more disposable income to the rapidly increasing number of internet users in Vietnam, which is a prospect for the future potential of e-marketing, e-business model, e-marketing process and different types of e-marketing strategies. Does it make any sense to not reach out to this through e-marketing and e-business? By learning to effectively employ Vietnamese search engines, being culturally sensitive in how you target a foreign audience, and learning to navigate the language barrier, a relatively modest investment of time and effort may pay dividends later. By simply translating the homepage on the website into English, for example, to encourage people to conduct business with the product or service in English, your page will be able to appear in Vietnamese search engines. With Vietnams rapidly expanding econom y and internet user base, it only makes sense to venture forth into Vietnamese e-marketing. Besides these things, issues also exist. The contemporary strategic e-marketing issues, however, are series of constraints that hinder the performance of e-marketing in Vietnam. These problems include the following: Technology: Online marketing requires Vietnamese customers to use modern technologies rather than traditional media; Cyber crime: Vietnamese does not have habit of purchasing online. Many customers are hesitant to buy items via the internet because they do not know whether their personal information will remain private or not; Quality: The concern that customers have with e-commerce merchants is whether or not they will receive exactly what they purchase, which leads to the solution that many online merchants have attempted to share this concern by investing in and building strong brands (for example: Amazon.com, eBay, Nganluong.vn, Chodientu.vn, etc), and by leveraging their feedback rating systems as well as e-commerce bonding solutions. All of those are attempts to assure customers that their transactions will be free of scams because the merchants can be trusted to provide reliable products and services. In addition to this, the major online payment merchanisms (credit cards, for instance) have also provided back-end buyer protections systems to address problems if they actually do occur. Xenophilia: The preference for foreign products always is a problem. Because of the development process of Vietnam and our inability to produce most high quality goods, specially technologically sophisticated products, Vietnamese customers tend to prefer buying from the more industrialized countries. This makes the development process of Vietnamese industries and commercial life of the people more impoverished. Developing countries as vietnam constitute over 70% of the worlds population, but only contribute about 12% of the worlds industrial production that often boost e-marketing in these economies. Why should this be the case, and who is to be blamed for the structural discrepancy and imbalance? What actions could Vietnam adopt to accelerate the pace of industrialization and the development in order to boost the tempo of e-marketing? It is generally felt that Vietnam locally-made goods are only for the poor, uneducated and those who are not fashionable, whilst the consumption of i mported goods and services is taken as a status symbol for the elite and affluent even when foreign products are of less quality when compared to similar Vietnamese high quality brands. This situation makes the growth of e-marketing and satisfaction of customers in Vietnam locally difficult; High cost of production: Internet marketing has suffered in most developing countries like Vietnam because virtually all production techniques are imported from the developed countries. The cost of acquiring equipments and other inputs used for production in Vietnam to boost e-marketing sometimes extremely difficult to buy. How can marketers resolve these problems? They certainly must have proper e-marketing strategies: The vital significance of developing an effective e-marketing strategy is indicated by Michael Porter (2001) who has said: The key question is not whether to deploy Internet technology, companies have no choice if they want to stay competitive, but how to deploy it. [6] An e-marketing strategy is needed to provide consistent direction for any organizations e-marketing activities that integrates with its other marketing activities and supports the overall objectives of the business. For most companies, the first attacks into online marketing is not the result of a well-defined, integrated e-strategy but rather a response to competitors activities and customers need. After establishing a site for a year or so, marketing staffs and senior managers in a company may question its efficiency. That is often the point where the need for a logical e- marketing strategy becomes apparent. As consequence, the starting point is when a company which has an existing site and it is reviewing the current site and its efficiency with a view to future improvements. There is no evidence to suggest that the approach to developing and implementing a strategy should be importantly different for e-marketing. Establish frameworks for corporated strategy development or strategic marketing planning, hence, should still be followed. Those frameworks provided a coherent continuation to follow which makes sure inclusion of all main activities of strategy development. It could be argued, neve rtheless, that with online marketing there is an even greater need for a highly responsive strategy process model where speedy reaction may occur to events in the market. In 2002, the economist Chaffey noted that e-business and e-marketing tend to use a three-stage model strategy [7]. They are: Strategic analysis: Continuous scanning of the micro and macro-environment of an organization which is required with particular emphases on the changing needs of the customers, actions and business models of competitor and opportunities afforded by new modern technologies. [8] Strategic objectives: Companies must have a clear vision that if digital media will accompaniment or alter other media and their capacity for change [9]. Clear objectives should be set and in particular goals for the online revenue contribution needed to be defined. Strategy implementation: Devising and executing tactics should be set to achieve strategic goals. This includes relaunching a website, opening promotive campaigns associated to the site and monitoring the efficiency of the site [10]. The above three-stage strategy mentioned to the effectiveness of the website in strategic management. Back to this subject, we can easily find out the crucial impact of the Internet and how it changes the traditional marketing in the aspects of segmentation, targeting, differentiation, positioning, product, price, distribution, intergrated marketing communication and customer relationship management. An e-marketing planning programme has 2 sides. The first is the part devoted to individual customers. The second is the business to business component. E-commerce programmes, advertising, sales online support and customer service are all factors of an online marketing programme. Parallel companies compete against one another whilst being only a click of the mouse away. In other words, with the internet the purchaser is able to locate plentiful sellers which sell similar merchandise, similar prices and similar offers in only a short time period. Since more and more people are comfortable with the internet, the marketing plans is likely to continue to educe soon in coming years. During the last decade, the use of the internet has exploded radically in both the consumer and business-to-business markets. Though experts still argue the future of the internet, nobody doubts it is having a great impact on how business is taking place in the 21st century. Here are details about the internet that highlight its extreme growth and presence in trends of the society: The most common products that customers search online and purchase at the store or outlet are car, computer, computer hardware, travel, electronics, books, music, sporting goods and clothing; In 2004, 10% of business-to-business advertising dollars were spent online, the total amount spent was 8.7 billion USD over the world; About 54% email users have responded to an e-mail advertisement, almost half purchased an item; Internet retail sales account for almost 2.5% of all retail global sales [11]. Many companies use the internet for their every business activity such as taking orders, sales programs, service departments, inventory control, communications plans, and production schedulingThe change from traditional communication channels to the internet occurred so quickly today. Marketers and consumers are among the first can get profits from the internet. Nowadays in marketplace, it is a trend to realize that the internet, namely websites, is becoming the communication tool of choice for many business-to-business companies. The internet provides opportunities for segmentation, targeting, differentiation, positioning, product, price, distribution, intergrated marketing communication and customer relationship management. How about the future of the e-marketing, e-business and e-commerce? E-commerce has grown by high jumps and continues to set new horizon line every year. As huge as Google is, it was created in 1998. Google how far have come to the world. Since the Internet continues to grow, the future potential of e-marketing is a much discussed subject. E-marketing is now rather messy but quickly in the near future remnants of the old, such as banner ads and email marketing, are clearly one their way out. In conclusion, the impact of the internet on marketing and industries has been clearly noted in todays world. The presence of the internet and e-commerce is so sweeping that the various applications of hi-tec technology are now crucial elements of a fully integrated marketing communications programme. In other words, the internet opens new horizon for todays marketing world. > Total word count: 2273 (Â ± 10%)

The Manhattan Transcripts by Bernard Tschumi

The Manhattan Transcripts by Bernard Tschumi The Manhattan Transcripts proposed to show an architectural understanding of reality. Each point Tschumi aims to get across, is made through a series of three square panels, where photographs direct the action, plans, sections, etc. reveal the architectural construct, and diagrams indicate the movements of the main characters. The Transcripts are first and foremost a device with their explicit purpose being to transcribe things normally removed from conventional architectural representation, namely the complex relationship between spaces and their use; between the set and the script; between type and program; between objects and events. Their implicit purpose has to do with the twentieth-century city. The Transcripts try to offer a different reading of architecture in which space, movement, and events are separate, but standing in a new relationship with one another. This is meant to break down and rebuild the standard components of architecture along different axes. Tschumi takes th e Manhattan Transcripts program to formulate a plot based around a murder. MT 1 (Manhattan Transcripts 1) The Park is the first episode composed of twenty four sheets illustrating the drawn and photographed notation of a murder. The formula plot of the murder the lone figure stalking its victim, the murder, the hunt, the search for clues building up to the murderers capture. While the origin of MT 1 is in New Yorks Central Park, MT 2 The Street (Border Crossing) is based on 42nd street, from the Hudson to the East River. There are over a dozen different experiences along 42nd street by MT 2 does not represent these worlds, but the borders that describe them. Each border becomes a space with the events that it contains, with the movements that transgress it. In MT 3 The Tower (The Fall): This program proposes to highlight the fall of someone inside a common denominator like a home, office, prison, hotel or asylum. The set of drawings portrays someones flight and the preceding fall through the full height of a Manhattan tower block, its cells and its yards. The drastic change of perceptions caused by the fall is used to explore different spatial transformations and their typological distortions. In MT 4 The Block describes five inner courtyards of a simple city block witness contradictory events and programmatic impossibilities: acrobats, ice-skaters, dancers, soldiers, and football players all congregate and perform high-wire acts, games, or even the re-enactment of famous battles, in a context usually alien to their activity. Disjunctions between movements, programs, and spaces inevitably follow as each pursues a distinct logic, while their confrontations produce the most unlikely combinations. The Transcripts present three disjoined levels of reality at the same time: (i) The world of objects, composed of buildings abstracted from maps, plans, photographs; (ii) The world of movements, which can be abstracted from choreography, sport, or other movement diagrams; and (iii) The world of events, which is abstracted from news photographs. At first, the importance of each level depends only on how each is interpreted by the viewer, since each level can always be seen against the background of another. It appears to be the Transcripts argument that only the striking relationship between the three levels makes for the architectural experience. So entangled are these levels with one another that at any moment they are perfectly interchangeable. Making the Transcripts never attempt to rise above contradictions between object, man and event in order to bring them to a new synthesis; but instead, they aim to maintain these contradictions in a dynamic manner. Tschumi states, In their i ndividual state, objects, movement, events are simply discontinuous. Only when they unite do they establish an instant of continuity. Such disjunction implies a dynamic conception posed against a static definition of architecture, an excessive movement that brings architecture to its limits. Tschumis purpose of the tripartite mode of notation (events, movements, spaces) was to introduce the order of experience and the order of time (moments, intervals, sequences) for all inevitably intervene in the reading of the city. It is also seen as a need to question the modes of representation generally used by architects: plans, sections, axonometrics and perspectives. The insertion of movement into the overall architectural scheme meant that Tschumi had to breaking down some of the traditional components of architecture which permitted the independent manipulation of each new part according to narrative or formal considerations. For example, the plans of the Park, the section of the Street, the axonometrics of the Tower, the perspectives of the Block all follow (and sometimes question) the internal logic of their modes of representation. The compositional implications of an axonometric (an abstract projection according to the rules of descriptive geometry) are, as a result, widely different from those of a perspective with a single vanishing point. A particular case is explored in the forth episode of the Transcripts. As opposed to the plans, maps, or axonometrics used in the early episodes, the perspectiv al description of buildings is concomitant with their photographic record; the photograph acts as the origin of the architectural image. The perspective image is no longer a mode of three dimensional drawing, but the direct extension of the photographic mode of perception. The same applies to the movement notation. An extension from the drawn conventions of choreography, it attempts to eliminate the preconceived meanings given to particular actions so as to concentrate on their spatial effects: the movement of bodies in space. The early MTs introduce the idea of movement in general by freely improvising movement patterns, from the fugitives to the street-fighters. The last MT analyzes highly formalised movement diagrams of dancers, football players, skaters, army tacticians and acrobats. Rather than merely indicating directional arrows on neutral surface, the logic of movement notation ultimately suggests real corridors of space, as if the dancer had been carving space out of pliabl e substance; or the reverse, shaping continuous volumes , as if a whole movement had been literally solidified, frozen into a permanent and massive vector. Each event with in the Transcripts is represented by a photo, in an attempt to get to get the viewer closer to an objectivity which is often missing from architectural programs. Tschumi describes the Manhattan Transcripts as not an accumulation of events; they display a particular organisation. Their chief characteristic is the sequence, a composite succession of frames that confronts spaces, movement, and events, each with its own structure and inherent set of rules. The narratives implied by these composite sequences may be linear, deconstructed, or dissociated. MT 1 is linear, while MT 2 only appears to be so; MT 3 depicts two unrelated moments, while MT 4 exhausts the narrative, meaning it deconstructs programs in the same way that it deconstructs forms and movements. The Transcripts share a similarity to films. Both share a frame by frame technique, spaces are not only composed, but it is also developed from shot to shot so that the final meaning of each shot depends on its context. The relationship of one frame to the next is indispensable insofar as no analysis of any one frame can accurately reveal how the space was handled altogether. The Transcript s are thus not self-contained images. They establish a memory of the preceding frame, of the course of events. Their final meaning is cumulative; it does not depend merely on a single frame (such as a facade), but on succession of frames or spaces. In any case, the Transcripts always display at least two conflicting fields: first, the framing device square, healthy, conformist, normal and predictable, regular and comforting, correct. Second, the framed material, a place that only questions, distorts, compresses, displaces. Both are necessary. Neither is inherently special; neither communicates by itself. It is the play between them that does their distance and its occasional transgression, when the frame itself becomes the object of distortions. The frame permits the extreme formal manipulation of the sequence, for the content or congenial frames can be mixed up, superposed, faded in, cut up, giving endless possibilities to the narrative sequence. The last Transcript eliminates al l that is inessential to the architecture of the city. Spaces, movements, events are contracted into only fragments absolutely necessary to outline the overall structure. Since each frame is isolated from the next, architecture can begin to act as a series of surprises, a form of architectural jump-cut, where space is carefully broken apart and then reassembled at the limits. Tschumi records his classification of a number of words; two of them stand out, while researching the Manhattan Transcripts: Event: an incident, an occurrence; a particular item in a programme. Events can encompass particular uses, singular functions or isolated activities. They include moments of passion, acts of love and the instant of death. Events have an independent existence. Rarely are they purely the consequence of their surroundings. In literature, they belong to the category of the narrative (as opposed to the descriptive). Movement: the action or process of moving (In a poem or narrative: progress or incidents, development of a plot). Also: the inevitable intrusion of bodies into the controlled order of architecture. Entering a building: an act that violates the balance of a precisely ordered geometry (do architectural photographs ever include runners, fighters, lovers?); bodies that carve unexpected spaces through their fluid or erratic motions. Architecture, then, is only an organism passively engaged in constant intercourse with users, whose bodies rush against the carefully established rules of architectural thought. In the early days of developing and drawing The Manhattan Transcripts, Tschumi arrived at the tripartite notation of space, event, and movement and literally introduced the idea of movement as a separate term in the equation. Tschumis first assumption was that architecture begins with movement. For example, one enters a building, one passes through it, one climbs stairs, one goes from one space to another, and that network of routes being what really forms architecture. Even through architecture can be made of static spaces, the interaction between the static and the dynamic is what really constitutes it. This allowed Tschumi to take the argument to the next level and introduce and advance the notion of program, and then at a later stage to develop it more precisely. Traditional means of architectural representation (plans, sections, perspectives, axonometrics) have a number of limitations. Tschumi believed the idea of the event which evolved out of his theoretical work couldnt be re presented through these means. But it had been extensively documented in other disciplines such as dance, certain sports, and film theory, as well as in the work of a number of performance artists. Artist like Dan Graham, Bruce Nauman and Bruce McLean, all show an extensive representation of events and movement within their work. In the 1970s, Dan Graham worked with performance, film and video to explore changes in individual and group consciousness and the limits of private and public space. His video surveillance Time Delay and Present and continuous Past(s) installations create an event space that transforms the audience into part of the performance while also allowing interaction with the performer. The film Body Press show two filmmakers standing within a completely mirrored surrounding, without moving their bodies, hands holding and pressing a cameras back-end flush to, while slowly rotating it about, the surface cylinder of their individual bodies. One rotation goes around the bodys contour, spiralling slightly upwards with the next turn. This continues up and down the body and then the camera is exchanged and the process repeated. The cameras film the image reflected on the mirror, the body of the performer and possibly his eyes on the mirror. This movement of the camera tries to act or be seen as an extension of the bodys identity. The events created through the experience of his work are further highlighted through his built forms. The architecture of Dan Grahams own pavilions acknowledges the fantasy of the significance of the viewer in a space in culture. His structures are precisely designed for specific situations. People entering or observing them are able to look at these situations and their place within them. Any change in the lighting provokes a change in the relative reflectivity or transparency of the pavilions two-way mirror glass, putting the relationships between people and their surroundings into constant flux. People look at nature, at themselves superimposed on it, at others looking at them, at others looking at others looking at them: an endless equivalence directed at the possibility of acute social (self) consciousness In the 1970s, Bruce McLean changed the medium of his natural mode of expressive performance, from art, to live performance and pose. On his return to painting, the experience played a big role is his later work. He made a series of large works on paper inspired by some magazine photographs of Chinese acrobats. These were extremely simple and direct but where the first to exploit the possibilities of emblematic colour in relation to political symbolism. The acrobats of politics were depicted as engaged in their self-absorbed feats in arenas of performance suspiciously uncomplicated, against backgrounds that signified, in the way that flags do, certainties of value and allegiance; such certainties came in different colours. Even though simple these paintings expressed movement across a plane and the idea of event, a space where this movement is being enjoyed. Among many which represent some form of event and movement, McLeans Ambre Solaire painting highlights how well this medium captu res the movement and activity. Presented on a black background with neon orange figures and brushed bodies in bronze, the light green and white that represent the splash, perfectly brings it to life. It feels bright and inviting. The Transcripts represent a collects of drawings which proposed a new way of architectural interpretations. These try to also propose new ways to present movement and event. The Transcript achieves this is some areas, the event is only clearly represented within the photographs but fail to be clear within the drawings. Some photos also dont give a clear idea of the scene proposed. Where as representation of movement and event highlighted by the artist Dan Graham and Bruce McLean show with little interpretation what the main goal they are trying to present. The Manhattan Transcripts do portray is interesting and unique way for looking at a set of drawings with a very interesting program to follow which is hard to tie together but enjoyable to research.

America Needs Affordable Housing Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

America Needs Affordable Housing It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that â€Å"†¦though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community orga nizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. â€Å"By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda. The dis-investment is present in many large citie... ...ary 1997: 66+ Johnson, Martin. â€Å"United Nations Habitat II Conference in Instanbul, Turkey,?The Advocate, December 1996: 2+ Outline I. Introduction A. International situation 1. Habitat II conference in Istanbul a. Article written in Metropolis magazine b. Personal account by community organizer II. Body A. Bergen county 1. HUD statistics for county 2. Studies shown in graphs, charts, tables 3. Maps showing minority, unemployed, and low income areas a. This is to draw a possible conclusion of course b. Statistics show ownership : housing problems B. NYC situation 1. Less statistics, more stories and examples a. Drawing from NYT article 8 part series III. Conclusion(s) A. Are there relationships of race : housing? B. Is the government pulling its weight? C. Are there solutions at hand?

Essays --

Role of Open Design in Engineering â€Å"Before I start teaching you all Industrial Revolution, I have a question?†. My history teacher drifted towards the blackboard and wrote - â€Å"Who invented the Steam Engine?† I raised my hand promptly. â€Å"Yes, Ankit.† I stood up - â€Å"James Watt, maam!† â€Å"You are correct. It was the invention of Steam Engine by James Watt that changed the world and led to the industrial revolution.† I gave a equanimous smile and took my seat. Boldrin and Levine mentioned in their book Against Intellectual Monopoly how James Watt got the idea of allowing steam to expand and condense in separate containers while repairing a small Newcomen steam engine. In 1768, he applied for a patent on the idea after doing a series of improvements. He spent the next six months working hard to obtain his patent, made an alliance with the rich industrialist Matthew Boulton and even secured an act of Parliament extending his patent until the year 1800. In the name of economic freedom, the great statesman Edmund Burke spoke eloquently in Parliament against the creation of this unnecessary ...

Leadership Character in a Famous Leader Essay

Leadership is establishing direction and influencing a group of people towards the achievement of goal.World without leader would ceast to exist.A leader shows a ray of light in darkness and makes future brighter.He brings hope and happiness in life. Mahatma known as great soul.Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule.He is known as the ‘Father of Independence’ of his country.His non-violent protest to achieve political and social progress has been hugely influential.Mahatma Gandhi had a vision for India, where there would no government, no army or police force.He wished that India would be as it was in the past with self-developing villages,only depending on agrarian economy(Mahatma Gandhi’s Vision for the future India,by Joseph S.Friedman)The essential qualities of leadership can be found in Gandhi are crebility,selfless and inspirational leader. Gandhi had a credibility established through his work and movements in South Africa. South Africa changed Gandhi dramatically,as he faced the discrimination. One day in court at Durban, the magistrate asked him to remove his turban. Other than that, Gandhi was thrown off a train, when he refused to move from the first class to a third class coach. These are the incidents have been known as a turning point in his life(Biography of Mahatma Gandhi, by Jennifer Rosenberg).People already had a great honor and hopes from him due to what he could achieve in South Africa, his non-violent were very well respected. In India, Gandhi established the credibility through example.He showed himself as a slave of the people of India. Gandhi is a selfless leader in the history.His approach had nothing to do with his personal interest and in fact, he sacrificed his comfort and his family’s to bring about the change.On several occasions, he was humiliated, battered and kicked by the whites.He tolerated the insults and let go those who were unjust to him.He was never thought of revenge.All he wanted was discriminatory practices against the non-white to be stopped (Gandhi An Exemplary Leader, by Ashim Gupta,2008). Moreover, the lesser-known attributes of the great soul were humanity and service. He offered shelter to a leper and cared for him.He took two hours from his office work daily to monitor the leper in a hospital in Natal.Also,Gandhi is remembered by the poor more for his service than as an independence fighter. Gandhi without a doubt could inspire many leaders, he could show the common man that even he can make difference and bring the English Empire down.It was possible since his leadership based on self-reliance and non-cooperation. Martin Luther King was greatly inspired by Mahatma.Gandhi’s non-violence was informal by not merely his Hindu background but by extensive study of other religious and moral traditions, including Christianity. Gandhi’s greatest contribution to history and the reason his was such a crucial influence on King was Gandhi’s contention was always that standing up for oneself, struggling against independence, living with dignity and integrity. Do not require any use of violence(Mahatma Gandhi Leadership-Inspirational Foundations, by Y.P Anand,2007).Besides,South African former president Nelson Mandela’s first inspiration was Mahatma Gandhi.Mandela is not the only student of Non-violence leader Mahatma Gandhi.There are some other famous lead ers in world who follow him for that. In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi,who is known as the ‘Father of The Nation’ was the key leader in the independence struggle for India.Although,to this day, India is the largest democracy in the world with an globalized economy that has absolutely nothing to do with Gandhi’s vision for his beloved country.However,his gentle approach to life is a proof to the fact that strength does not equal to physical capacity(Inspiring quotes by Mahatma, by Zoe B).Gandhi’s outstanding qualities which has proven that it is possible to remain gentle in spirit, yet simultaneously achieve a huge amount of strength and respect.

Hemingway’s Use of Code Hero in The Old Man and the Sea Essay

Hero is a simple-sounding two-syllable word, which many people freely use to name and describe others. But, how many people really know what a hero is? One of the most know codes for defining a hero would be Ernest Hemingway’s code, which can be seen in his novels. â€Å"The code hero is a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful.† (CodeHeroDefinition). Ernest Hemingway uses Santiago, the main character in The Old Man and the Sea to symbolize his code hero. In The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago lives his life with honor, not only for others but for himself as well. Even though he is unable to provide for himself as a fisherman, due to the fact that he has gone without catching a fish in over two months, he keeps his head high throughout what he does. Santiago is very humble with his fishing career when talking with others, for example Manolin. â€Å"‘And the best fisherman is you.’ ‘No. I know others better.'† (Hemingway 23). In reality, he was a great fisherman, which is one reason why he caught the giant marlin. Like any great hunter, Santiago honors and praises the great fish by saying to it, â€Å"I love you and respect you very much† (Hemingway 54). He is able to show dignity throughout his hunt, knowing that he must be thankful for what he is given. Santiago has a great deal of endurance. Despite knowing that he hasn’t caught any fish in 84 days, he continues to go out in his boat every morning, never with a negative attitude. His persistent actions show his ability to go on every day even when the odds were against him. After catching the marlin and being out so far for almost two days, Santiago is extremely tired, but he won’t give up to the fish, or go to sleep. â€Å"He felt very tired now and he knew the night would come soon† (Hemingway 67). Even though he could have slept, he mostly stayed awake with the fish, and kept all of his courage so that he would be able to get home with the great marlin. His courage showed when he had to stay in the ocean alone for three days with little protection, and his small food supply. He could have turned back to shore safely at any time, but he didn’t. Santiago faced possible death at any  moment, but his courage allowed him to continue on his journey. When the sharks attack the carcass, he does everything in his power to fight them off when it’s obviously a battle lost from the start, but he gives it his all. After loosing his harpoon when fighting with the sharks, he still continues to go on and make a new weapon (out of the few materials on his boat, for example an oar and his knife) and uses all of the energy he has left in him to protect the fish. Through the novels Hemingway has written, like The Old Man and the Sea, his famous code hero can be seen with detailing evidence. Santiago is the symbol of Hemingway’s code, and it can be proven by the ways he lives his life, from his honor, to his endurance and courage. â€Å"Life is filled with misfortunes, and a code hero is know by how he endures those misfortunes† (CodeHeroDefinition), and Santiago is able to do just that in his life. He can turn a situation around so that it works for his benefit, but still while doing so he looses some, whether it be his physical strength, or his fishing reputation with the other fishermen. Santiago is a perfect example of what a Hemingway code hero really and truly is. Works Cited â€Å"CodeHeroDefinition.† 21 April 2003. http://www.siprep.org/english/totah/CodeHeroDefinition.html. Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1980. 23, 54, 67.

Outcome Blank

Which song you would like today ? 2. Identify regulatory requirements what underpin a positive environment for children and young people. In my setting we working with different activities such as: We had two activities for mothers Samba and Yoga class every Wednesday besides Cryache services. The cryache works with the child in two session: In the morning when the child arrive we do activities to be play and snack time, in the afternoon the child to learning Speech and Language assessment and remedial help, this activity we works with children +2 years old.Also we art therapy, dance and movement therapy, chronological therapy, safe space to families when mothers receive information about abuse or domestic violence. These activities we use regulatory' ECMA and EYES with the children, in the other hand, the safe space in my setting work with CAR-SACS regulatory. Outcome 2 – Be able to support a positive environment that meets the individual needs of children and young people. A ssessment Criteria 1 Meet and greet children and young people in a way that welcomes them onto the work setting.When the child arrive at centre one person open the door for him with your parent, then this person give welcome, ask open question, then when the parent living in the child, we star sing welcome song with the children where every child learning the names together. 2 Provide opportunities for children and young people to engage in activities of choice. In my setting we have AnD Space, when we offering therapeutic help for school children aged 4 to 13 years through, the use of art therapy and drama therapy. O Individual sessions Small group work 3 Provide activities and resources to meet the individual needs or children and young people.

The Religion of Islam

The religion of Islam, unfortunately, has been exposed many unfair criticisms from nonmuslims. Especially about how Islamic Laws are treated towards the women. There are plenty of misinterpretations and accusations. It needs to mention about fundamental and basic principles in Islam.According to Islam, human beings are not evil and sinful creatures, and they do not come to the world with tendency to sin. Human beings are not sinful until they choose to sin. Unlike Christianity, a newborn baby considered to be pure, innocent, and considered as if s(he) a given present from Allah. There is even a saying in Turkish ‘like a paradise-scented child'. This saying refers that the children are innocent and as if they are coming from the paradise. Also, every human is equal in Islam regardless of their race, color, and class. Islam is not definite with only one age, it is for every age. Khurshid Ahmad describes the aim of Islam as, Islam aims at establishing an equilibrium between these two aspects of life – the material and the spiritual. (36)Another detail in Islam is that how Quran describes Eve. In Quran, Eve is not represented an evil or a seductive woman. Quran puts an equivalent blame on Adam's and Eve's mistake. It does not separate Eve from Adam. Eve is not portrayed as a deceiver or a seducer. Eve is not blamed for seducing Adam to eat the fruit from the forbidden tree. Actually, in Quran Surah Taha, verse 121† †¦ Thus, Adam disobeyed his Lord, and fell.† This verse states that Adam is especially blamed for the sin not Eve. Another important detail is that the original sin concept. It does not exist in Islam. For this reason, Adam's sin is not inherited to the other human beings like it does in Christianity. This is because Adam and Eve repented to Allah and they had forgiven. Allah does not punish anyone for other's sins. Therefore, in Islam, everyone is responsible for their own actions, and their own sins.The Quran provides clear-cut evidence that woman in completely equated with man in the sight of Allah in terms of her rights and responsibilities (Ahmad 136). In Quran Surah Al- Imran verse 195 † Their Lord answered the Prayer thus: â€Å"I will not suffer the work of any of you, whether male or female, to go to waste; each of you is from the other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This part of the verse simply refers that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in the presence of Allah. In Islam, the superiority only occurs when it comes to the actions. Other features are not important. For instance, being a man or a female, noble or ignoble, those features do not affect the actions that have done. It is crystal clear that there is no difference between a man and a woman. Later on, the Quran states again that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in Surah An-Nisaa verse 124 † But whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, and is a believer— those will enter Paradise, and will not be wronged a whit.† The only thing that matter is the actions. Another Surah emphasizes the same topic again, in Surah An-Nahl verse 97 † Whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, while being a believer, we will grant him a good life—and We will reward them according to the best of what they used to do.† As long as following Allah and embrace the religion, believers will be rewarded by their works and actions. In Islam there are some religious obligations, for instance, routine prayers, fasting, alms, and going on a pilgrimage. A man and a woman have same obligations and duties for those religious obligations. Except some circumstances, to give an example, a woman can be privileged from prayers throughout her mensuration. The same case applies for fasting. There can be some exceptional for the women, otherwise the man and the women are equally responsible for the obligations. In the Pre-Islamic age of ignorance, if someone has a daughter as his or her first child, burying her was vastly common amongst the various Arabian tribes. Surah An-Nahl verses 58-59 describe the how people react when they have a daughter. † And when one of them is given news of a female infant, his face darkens, and he chokes with grief. He hides from the people because of the bad news given to him. Shall he keep it in humiliation, or bury it in the dust? What an evil choice they decide on?† Quran unquestionably and strictly forbids the infanticide. With the acceptance of Islam, the daughters were protected and treated fairly. Females had gained rights with the Islam. Surely, during the age of ignorance women were treated as if they were the objects, and they had no right. Prior to the advent of Islam, woman had no rights to speak of. When a woman's husband died, any of his male relatives would simply appropriate her, as if she was an animal or a commodity ( Al-Ghazili)The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) has a saying about treating the daughters † Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favor his son over her, Allah will admit him to Paradise because of her.† (Ibn Hanbal Hadith No 1957). Even just by deducing from this Hadith that in Islam, the daughter has an equal position with the son. Moreover, it can be said that how treating a daughter significant for awarding the father with the Paradise. Woman in the marriage in the Quran states in one of the Surah which is Al-Rum verse 21 † And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.† The Quran clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between the two halves of the society, and its objectives, beside perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy (Ahmed 138). Furthermore, a woman cannot force into marriage without her own approval according to Islamic Law. The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. A woman and a man both have equal rights and claims on one another, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man (Ahmed 138). In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 228 † †¦ And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.† Having a degree has to do with the maintenance and protection of a women, and as Khurshid Ahmed refers that it is the natural difference between the sexes which entitles the weaker sex to protection. It does not imply no superiority or advantage before the law, and the man's role of leadership in relation to his family does not mean the husband's dictatorship over his wife (138).One of the distinction between Islam and Christianity is about remarriage of the widows. Unlike Christianity, the widows or divorced women do not expose to discrimination against the unmarried women or another. According to Islam, a divorced or widowed woman has the right to remarry without any shame or denunciation. In fact, the Quran allows the betrothal of a divorced or widowed woman even during her period of transition (Jawad 34). In Surah Al-Baqarah 235 states as: It shall be no offence for you openly to propose marriage indirectly to such women or to cherish them in your hearts. Allah knows that you will remember them. Do not arrange to meet them in secret and, if you do, speak to them honorably. But you shall not consummate the marriage before the end of their waiting period. Know that Allah has knowledge of all your thoughts. Therefore, take heed and bear in mind that Allah is forgiving and merciful.This verse mentions there is no sin in offering a marriage implicitly to a woman whose husband died and waiting for the iddat. The explanation of Iddat is a period of time during which a divorced or widowed woman may not remarry (oxforddictionaries.com). This offering can be through expressing the intention of the man by asking questions or stating his wishes to the woman. By this way, woman's opinion will find out, and if the woman wishes to marry that man, it will be prevented the woman to promise someone else. Islam values the treating respectful and kind to the parents, but especially to the mothers. In Islam, women are also valued being a mother too. For instance, In the Quran, there is a suggestion for the polite behavior for the mothers. In Surah Luqman verse 14 † And we enjoined upon man to be dutiful to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness upon weakness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Likewise, in Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 † And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 indicates that Allah ordered to us to treat our parents kindly and take care of them. It is also emphasized that how our mothers suffered during her pregnancy with having sickness and at the same how challenging her labor was. Similarly, in Surah Al-Isra verse 23 is regarding the good and polite treatment towards the parents †Your Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and that you be good to your parents. If either of them or both of them reach old age with you, do not say to them a word of disrespect, nor scold them, but say to them kind words.† There are several sayings of The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). One day, The Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) stated: † Be regretful!† when they say † Who? O The messenger of Allah!† The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) replied as † It is the person who cannot enter the Paradise because he did not show respect one or both of his parents in their old age.† (Birr and S?la 251) Furthermore, The Prophet Mohammad has a well-known saying † Paradise is at the feet of mothers† (Ibn Hanbal). One more case can be given as:A man came to Mohammad (pbuh) asking, † O Messenger of Allah, who among the people is the worthiest of my good company? † The Prophet (pbuh) said, †Your mother.† The man said, †Then who else?† The Prophet (pbuh) said †Your mother.† The man said, † Then who else?† The Prophet (pbuh) said, †Your mother.† The man said, †Then who else?† Only then did the Prophet (pbuh) say †Your father.† (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) The financial status of a woman is secured in Quran. It can be easily seen in the verses of the Quran.

Effects of CClF3 on Ozone

CC13F to enter the stratosphere (1930 to 1955). 2. The ozone layer above Canada began to decline in 1975. 3. Once the production of CC13F was drastically reduced, it took 20 years for the CC13F levels to decrease in the stratosphere. Conclude and Communicate 4. CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) are inorganic man-made chemicals that have been in production for more than 50 years in Canada.They were thought to be sensational substances due to their stability, nonflammable characteristic, low in toxicity, and inexpensive. However, research on CFCs showed that they have long life spans allowing them to resist being washed away in rain. Through the aid of wind, CFCs rise up into the stratosphere and into the ozone layer where they decompose into chlorine and bromine, from the ultraviolet radiation. These two chemicals are responsible for damaging the ozone layer.Some atmospheric chlorine are caused by natural occurrences such as large fires and volcanic eruptions, yet most chlorine in the ozone layer is due to CFCs from man-made products such as refrigerators, aerosols, solvents and other household items. Studies show that for every one hlorine atom that is released into the ozone layer, 100000 ozone molecules are destroyed. According to the statistics recorded in 1979, the ozone layer has decreased every single decade nearly 4% to 6% in mid-latitudes and 10% to 12% in higher southern latitudes.This constant decrease has left the ozone layer permanently damaged. Even though production of CFCs has drastically decreased over the past couple of years, the ozone layer is unable replace itself. Research on how Earth is affected by the depletion in the ozone layer 5. CFCs are so stable that the only way to break them is by exposure to strong UV radiation. When this occurs, the CFC molecule releases chlorine that can destroy 100000 ozone molecules.