Individual Risk Management Essay Example for Free

Individual Risk Management Essay The objective of risk management is to develop response actions to minimize the impact of possible negative events during every phase of a project. The process also works to increase the impact of the positive events and mitigate the problems associated with making changes (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risks in many projects are multifaceted in nature because the positive impact created at one stage of a project, could have dire consequences at another. For example, occasionally in construction projects, floor slabs will have design defects that will not properly drain and eliminate the migration of water breaching the inside of the structure. A minor re-design of the slab configuration will eliminate the drainage problem but cause a significant structural issue with roof trussing and its ability to hold the house together during a minimal shift. The changes made to correct the slab issue are great, but the problems it will create down the line are greater unless the initial solution is analyzed all the way through the project. Identifying the risk and plausible solutions is done through a series of procedures, techniques, and analysis to meet the objectives of risk management. Another dimension of the risk management kaleidoscope understands the definition of risk from various viewpoints and positions with stake in the project. The risk management operation requires a planning process describing how to conduct the risk management based on the activities and tasks necessary to complete the work. There is an intangible element with assessing the risk of defining the tolerances and attitudes of the organizational leaders and stakeholders. A project manager with experience will have a more complete understanding of this component performing an internal analysis of risk appetite and risk tolerance levels surrounding the organization and the primary stakeholders. The amount of risk for a project is measured, analyzed, and quantified with  numerous equations, graphs, and statistical parameters to confirm and justify the data, but understanding what is in the head of corporate leaders and stakeholders and the level of risk they are comfortable with; is not on a spreadsheet. The understanding of this type of risk management comes from experience and high-level communication skills put into an action plan before the project is started. The risk management process is dependent on several documents for information to achieve its objectives, respond accordingly with monitor and control procedures specific to the project (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risk team will rely in the risk management plan to identify and classify their roles and responsibilities in the key areas. The team also collects information from cost management plan that assists in controlling levels of precision, accuracy, and units of measure. The cost management for risk managers involves more controlling of operational expenditures than total cost of the project (Cooper, Raymond, Walker, 2005). The information provided by the schedule management plan is also a vital document especially in conjunction with the cost management plan to control progression throughout the project life cycle. The scope baseline document is a mandatory piece of information the risk team will look closely at for possible assumptions and uncertainty that might exist. Information for the project that the teams will use throughout the project as reference and updating tools are the stakeholder register, procurement documents, and enterprise environmental factors just to name a few ( Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risk management team completes the identification process with the creation of the risk register and a defined risk management plan (RMP) explaining the risk activities, risk challenges, risk treatment, and structured response in detail. This RMP defines the tools, resources, roles, and responsibilities for managers and line workers alike to minimize project defects and enhance project production. The RMP delivers four main objectives significant to the project, by categorizing the risk into different levels for each phase and department. The risk categorization provides the probability and impact of the risk to gain a better understanding of the impact on the project in terms that are explicit to each, department, or stakeholder at every stage. The risk management matrix has four primary project objectives defining a plan to address cost, time, scope, and quality. The risk management during  the initial planning stages is performed the same way with adjusted tolerances because of limited information. (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). Provided below is a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) as defined in the; A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide). The RBS is performed on the information in the course syllabus â€Å". Your organization has decided that to be successful in the global economy it must expand its supply base into China† (The Apollo Group Inc., 2010). Project Risks: Internal risks of compatibility with stakeholders and foreign lending institutions. The technical capabilitites and servicing capacity for optimum production levels. External Risks: Implmenting organizational objectives in bureaucratic ccontext of host country and meet essential program operations. Risk associated with enviromental enterprise and conceptual framework. Shortage of resources, poor infrastructure, foreign currency, cultural and socioeconomic enviroment. Incomplete understanding of project objectives, design, and sustainability to promote future growth. References Cooper, D. F., Raymond, G. S., Walker, P. (2005). Project Risk Guidelines: Managing risk in large projects and complex procurements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Project Management Institute. ( © 2013). A Guide to the Project Management body of knowledge. (PMBOK ® Guide), Fifth Edition. Retrieved 02 17, 2014, from http://common.books24x7.com/toc.aspx?bookid=51356. Sollish, F., Semanik, J. (2007). The procurement and supply manager’s desk reference. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. The Apollo Group Inc ®. (2010). Syllabus CPMGT/302 Procurement and Risk Management. School of Business. Pheonix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

Feedback Stress: Does Auditory Feedback Negatively Affect Performance o

The Stroop Effect In his historic study, Stroop found that reading names of colors interfered with individuals’ ability to name the ink color the word was printed in when the two differed (i.e., the word â€Å"BLUE† written in red ink) (1935). However, the basis of this phenomenon can be traced back to Cattell who found that naming colors and pictures took twice as long to accomplish than reading the word these colors or pictures represented (1886). He concluded that this was due to reading being an automatic process while identifying colors or pictures requires a conscious effort (Cattell, 1886). MacLeod (1991) reflects that it was Cattell’s work which strongly influenced future psychologist including Stroop. In his experiment, Stroop investigated how the reaction time to name colors increased when it conflicted with the automatic process of reading. He broke down his experiment into three parts. In the first, he tested how reading the name of a color printed in a different ink color (i.e., BLUE) differed from reading the name of a color printed in black ink (i.e., BLUE). The difference between the name of the color and the ink color it was printed in caused a slight interference resulting in an increased reaction time of 2.3 seconds (Stroop, 1935). In the second part of his experiment, Stroop (1935) looked at reaction time differences between naming the color of solid blocks (i.e., ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"  ) versus naming the color of the ink not the name of the color (i.e., responding â€Å"RED† for BLUE). He found that participants required 74% more time to name the color of the ink when it did not agree with the name of the color (Stroop, 1935). Stroop concluded that it was the interference between the automatic process of reading the na... ...a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254-284. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254 MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop Effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163-203. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163 Richards, A., French, C. C., Johnson, W. Naparstek, J., & Williams, J. (1992). Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British Journal of Psychology, 83(4), 479-491. Shor, R. E. (1975). An auditory analog of the Stroop test. Journal of General Psychology, 93(2), 281-288. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. Thorndike, E. L. (1913). Educational psychology, volume ii: The psychology of learning. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University.

Desalination Solution To The Freshwater Crisis Environmental Sciences Essay

The chief ground for drinkable H2O deficit in Singapore is the fact that it is surrounded by sea H2O, unsuitable for imbibing. At present, the state has created sustainable H2O supply from its ‘Four National Taps ‘ , which consists of rainwater reservoirs, imported H2O, reclaimed H2O ( NEWater ) and desalinated H2O. ( â€Å" Water Supply † ) The detonating population is besides increasing the strength of drinkable H2O demand, doing deficits.Problems Associated with Drinkable Water ShortagesThe chief cause of hungriness, disease and poorness is the deficiency of clean, safe imbibing H2O. ( â€Å" Why Water? † ) Crops would be unable to turn doing hungriness. Consumption of contaminated H2O is the chief cause of diseases. Regions missing in safe, imbibing H2O have a higher rate of decease and diseases. Peoples are ill more frequently, and are unable to work. This prevents the part from promotion. Regional struggles over scarce H2O resources may ensue in warfar e. ( â€Å" Water Scarcity † ) Figure 2 shows the H2O deficit around the universe. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hydrogenambassadors.com/background/images/background/water-shortage.gif Figure 2 – Water Deficit ( Hydrogen Ambassador )Desalination – How does it turn to drinkable H2O deficits?The bulk of H2O on the Earth is seawater and Singapore is surrounded by it excessively. If this H2O was converted into safe, drinking H2O, the job of drinkable H2O deficits would be easy solved. This is where desalinization plays its function. The procedure of taking salt from saltwater to make fresh water is called desalinization. ( Aintablian, † Water Desalination † ) A turning figure of desalinization workss are being built around the universe to turn to the job of fresh water deficits. The two chief methods of desalinization are distillment and the membrane procedure. In the procedure of distillment, a scope of method are used to vaporize saltwater, them condense the vapour, to obtain non-saline H2O. The membrane procedure has two types, viz. rearward osmosis and forward osmosis. Rearward osmosis is the procedure where pre-treated saltwater is pumped through a partly permeable membrane at high force per unit area, which separates dissolved splines from the H2O. Forward osmosis involves the natural procedure of osmosis ; H2O traveling from a extremely concentrated part to a part of low concentration. This procedure allows it to of course happen, alternatively of coercing it through a force per unit area gradient. In this procedure, the saltwater passes through a partly permeable membrane to a concentrated solution of ammonium hydroxide salts, go forthing salt atoms behind. The ammonium hydroxide salts are evaporated and can be reused. ( â€Å" Tuas Seawater Desalination Plant † ) The procedure is shown in Figure 3. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nrdc.org/onearth/04sum/images/saline_diagram.jpg Figure 3 – Seawater Distillation Process ( Glowac )Positive Impacts of DesalinationSupplying fresh water to countries with limited resources is the chief intent of desalinization. Communities get provided with a safe and dependable supply of fresh water. Singapore itself has no direct beginnings of fresh water except rainwater. The state has to import around 2500 gallons of H2O from Malaysia every twelvemonth. To drop the rate of import, it makes usage of the saltwater it is surrounded by. Desalination helps increase the sum of safe drinkable H2O available and saves lessenings import of H2O from states with big sums of fresh water available. This is helps diminish the general cost, since H2O conveyance is an expensive matter. It provides a dependable and readily available beginning of H2O in instances of terrible drouth. It becomes a necessity in the present clime in increasing temperatures, spread outing population and unsustainable groundwater. ( â€Å" The Advantages of De salination † )Negative Impacts of DesalinationEven though desalinization is a utile procedure, it has its general reverses. Disposing of the waste salt solution will increase the concentration of salt in the H2O. This will do the procedure harder and may harm the animals under the sea. The desalinization procedure is an expensive one and requires a batch of energy. Since most energy is derived from fossil fuels, it is said to be a affair of taking one environmental issue over the other. The costs are even higher if parts off from the seashore or at high heights, seek utilizing desalinated H2O. Many resources would be required to transport H2O from the ocean or a organic structure of salty H2O to far distances and high heights. ( Aintablian. â€Å" Water Desalination † )Factors affected by DesalinationEconomic Factor For – Desalination helps states with limited beginnings of fresh water to hold entree to drinkable H2O, without holding to bear conveyance costs. Wealth can be created by desalinization, as it increases the opportunities for development of agribusiness, industry and touristry in states with a scarce H2O supply. These alterations are bound to raise the overall income of a part. Some direct occupations and income can be expected from desalinization workss. Seawater desalinization is a feasible option is coastal parts which find desalinization more cost-efficient so transporting H2O from other parts. ( What is Desalination? – Benefits ) Against – Desalination is an expensive procedure. It becomes more expensive when the salt H2O needs to be transported to regions off from the seashore or those at high heights. Economically stable states like Singapore can afford to construct desalinization workss and change over big measures of saltwater, but other 3rd universe states confronting the fresh water crisis may fight to pay for desalinization workss to be opened and for big measures of H2O to be transported and converted. The ground the costs for desalinization are so high is because heavy-duty machinery and equipment is required to change over salt H2O into fresh water expeditiously. Not all states have the budget or land to construct mills with such expensive equipment. So, even though the desalinization procedure is a great solution to the fresh water crisis, we have yet to get the better of the costs required to run it. Figure 4 shows how engineering is progressing to do the procedure of desalinization less de arly-won. hypertext transfer protocol: //kanat.jsc.vsc.edu/student/glowact/body.h1.jpg Figure 4 – Decline in Seawater Desalination Costs Represents Evolution in Technology ( Hayes ) Environmental Factor For – More than 97 % of the H2O in the universe is seawater, which means there is small H2O for the universe ‘s turning H2O demand. The underdeveloped universe can non trust on a individual beginning of H2O anymore, and holding a dependable solution to the fresh water crisis helps alleviate emphasis on the fresh water available ( What is Desalination? – Benefits. ) The H2O conveyance systems use a great trade of energy and do air pollution. Desalination workss placed strategically helps decrease the environmental impact. Water made available during drouths would protect against H2O deficits. More fresh water would be available for usage in agribusiness. ( Dorward. â€Å" The Benefits of Desalination Plants ) Against – The procedure of desalinization requires a batch of energy. Since most power beginnings are soon derived from fossil fuels, desalinization has a manus in planetary heating. The constructing procedure would be time-consuming. Therefore, it would upset the environment. The waste salt solution is released back into the sea. This increases the concentration of salt in the saltwater and this may harm the animals under the ocean. Since more salt demands to be removed, more energy has to be used and it leads to a higher wastage of fossil fuels. Figure 5 shows the minerals being discharged into the sea and this is what makes the procedure harder and it requires more energy. This discharge may besides incorporate low concentrations of chemicals used in the procedure, which could harm environment-sensitive countries ( Younos, Tamim 11. ) Even though desalinization is the best solution to the universe ‘s fresh water crisis, it has environmental issues have to be solved be fore it can be used around the universe on a big graduated table. hypertext transfer protocol: //t1.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn: ANd9GcSHEXi_HxYsF0cbcqyC6gRNp2i18V0j4QXFTCcwIXO0RrVCFL1bCA Figure 5 – Minerals are discharged into the sea, and the desalinization procedure requires more energy ( MEWR | Desalination ) Word Count – 1, 256

Providing Support to Transgender Students On Campus Essay

As support for the LGBT population arises across the United States, colleges and universities have responded by creating positive spaces and environments for students. However, in some cases, not all populations are served adequately. A population specifically, transgender students, sometimes do not receive the same support gay, lesbian and bisexual students receive. An issue facing LGBT Services at DePauw University is providing adequate services to transgender students. Providing educational programming, gender neutral restrooms, faculty education, and counseling for transgender students could increase support for students who identify as transgender. Review of Literature Currently, there is not considerable empirical research about†¦show more content†¦The students in Pusch’s (2005) study had both positive and negative reactions about their identity and beginning to transition. The reactions the participants had impacted their identity as a person in college (Pusch, 2005). Disapproval by others. Krista, a male-to-female student is consistently met with her parents reinforcing her birth gender (Pusch, 2005). In addition, on campus, Krista is enrolled as a male and resides on a male floor in a residence hall. Her daily life on campus is disconcerting and faces constant alienation (Pusch, 2005). Mary, an age 21 female also has the same feelings as Krista. However, Mary, who is pre-transitioning, attends community college, and lives at home with her parents after leaving a university for academic reasons. In her home, she faces denial by her parents and does not live as her self-identified gender (Pusch, 2005). The disapproval and alienation Krista and Mary are faced with occur on college campuses and to college age students. Supported by others. When a transgender person comes out having support is key in gaining self-confidence. Oberan, a participant in the study, discussed how he always felt the most supported when people would forget he was trans (Pusch, 2005). Since Oberan is treated as a male and not transgendered he feels the most support from his peers and family (Pusch, 2005). Oberan also impacted his campusShow MoreRelatedSexual Identity Development1056 Words   |  5 Pagesothers that one is lesbian, gay or bisexual. Developing a personal LGB identity status involves determining for oneself the unique meaning being gay lesbian or bisexual will have in one’s life. Developing an LGB social identity consists of creating a support network of people who know and accept one’s sexual orientation. Becoming an LGB offspring involves disclosing one’s identity to parents and redefining one’s relationship after such disclosure. Developing an LGB intimacy status is the proce ss of establishingRead MoreUnderstanding The Terminology Of The Lgbt Community2206 Words   |  9 Pagesa valid identity (Huegel, 2011). 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